Research

Research that connects knowledge to ability.

What research says about simulation, training, and frontline professional readiness.

Research 01

Simulation changes capabilities. Not just knowledge.

A systematic review and meta-analysis that examined the effectiveness of simulation in training frontline professionals in risk assessment and crisis intervention. The study found that simulation - as opposed to lectures and digital modules - is the method that changes both attitudes and practical capabilities, not just theoretical knowledge.

The relevance to practicing sensitive conversations is direct: knowledge alone is not enough. Professionals who practiced through simulation responded differently in real-time compared to their colleagues who learned through reading or group training. Limitation: Most studies included in the review are based on self-report, not on direct measurement of performance.

How this relates to In-Touch

The review found that simulation, unlike a lecture or digital course, changes attitudes and practical capabilities rather than just theoretical knowledge. In-Touch is built on a format of repeated simulated conversation - a principle the study identifies as an influential component. In-Touch was not included in this review.

Hatcher S, et al. Simulation training in suicide risk assessment and intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medical Education Online, 2023.

Research 02

About 33% of professionals in survey did not receive formal training in suicide prevention.

The Zero Suicide survey, which examined mental health professionals, found that about a third of respondents did not receive formal training in suicide prevention or intervention in suicidal risk situations. The gap is uneven: among adjunct therapists, the rate of those without training stood at 75%. Even among the trained, the type and quality of training varied greatly.

This finding is important because it comes from a sample of active professionals, not just students. The data refers to formal training in suicide prevention in the surveyed sample; it is not a metric for the organizational readiness of all frontline professionals and is not data on the lack of practice in simulation.

How this relates to In-Touch

The survey points to gaps in formal training in suicide prevention among active mental health professionals. In-Touch is designed to enable ongoing practice for frontline professionals in the field, independent of a workshop or annual conference. The data refers to the surveyed sample and is not evidence of the platform’s effectiveness or a metric for the organizational readiness of all frontline professionals.

Wakai S, et al. Suicide prevention skills, confidence and training: Results from the Zero Suicide Workforce Survey of behavioral health care professionals. SAGE Open Medicine, 2020.

Research 03

78% of studies showed improvement in socioemotional and professional skills.

A systematic review of systematic reviews - 88 studies with 8,658 participants - examined the impact of simulation on socioemotional skills among healthcare professionals. 78.4% of the studies included in the review showed significant improvement in emotional and communication skills following simulation-based training.

The review highlights simulation as a method that enables repetitive practice in a safe environment - a condition that is difficult to meet in standard clinical training. Limitation: Most studies examine students rather than seasoned frontline professionals, and therefore generalizability is limited.

How this relates to In-Touch

The review identifies repetitive practice in a safe environment as the key characteristic that explains the effectiveness of simulation. In-Touch provides a controlled environment for practicing sensitive conversations without an encounter with a real patient. The findings are not direct evidence of In-Touch’s effectiveness.

Lanza-Postigo M, et al. The Effectiveness of Simulation in the Acquisition of Socioemotional Skills Related to Health Care: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 2024.

Research 04

Simulation in Psychiatry. From Rare to Necessary.

A review published in Frontiers in Psychiatry examined the state of simulation use in psychiatric education. The research found that simulation develops clinical and communication skills in mental health fields - yet, until recently, it remained a relatively rare tool compared to other medical disciplines.

The article identifies psychiatry as a field that has suffered from underutilization of simulation, even though its challenges - emotionally charged conversations, crisis management, risk assessment - are particularly suitable for controlled practice. Interpretation: The “rare” mentioned in the title is a historical finding; the need for it is recognized and evolving.

How this relates to In-Touch

The research identifies emotionally charged conversations, crisis management, and risk assessment as areas that have suffered from underutilization of simulation despite their high suitability for this format. These are the core areas of In-Touch scenarios. The review is not evidence of the effectiveness of a specific platform.

Burgess A, et al. Simulation Training in Psychiatry for Medical Education: A Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2021.

Research 05

Personalized feedback is the mechanism for change.

A study that examined 21 doctors who underwent simulation training in psychiatry found a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) in all competency areas measured. Median improvements in confidence ranged from 33% to 200% depending on the topic. The training worked in a remote format as well.

The researchers emphasize that immediate and tailored feedback - provided in a debrief after each exercise - is the factor that explains the improvement. Confidence alone is not enough; the question is what generates actual performance ability. Limitation: The sample is small (21 participants) and focuses on doctors, not welfare or education professionals.

How this relates to In-Touch

The researchers identify immediate and tailored feedback after each exercise as the factor that explains the improvement, not the simulation alone. In-Touch includes an automatic debrief after each conversation. It is important to note: the study measured self-confidence, not proven clinical performance - and In-Touch was not tested in this study.

Crawford K, et al. Using socially distanced and online simulation training to improve the confidence of junior doctors in psychiatry. BJPsych Bulletin, 2022.

Research 06

They know what to do. They don't know how to do it.

A 2025 meta-analysis of risk intervention training programs found significant decay in retention over time: the learning effect immediately following training was 0.72, but dropped to only 0.25 in long-term follow-up. Knowledge is acquired - but not translated into stable performance capability.

The finding challenges the assumption that one-time training is sufficient. The gap between what is known and what is performed in real-time is the core problem that simulation-based and repetitive practice is intended to close. Interpretation: The figure represents the average finding; retention decay is greater in certain types of training.

How this relates to In-Touch

The decline from 0.72 to 0.25 indicates that one-time training is not sufficient for maintaining performance capability. In-Touch is built on repeated and continuous practice, not an annual workshop - a structure that aligns with what the research identifies as missing. The data describes a problem; it is not proof that In-Touch solves it.

Liu H, et al. Gatekeeper training for suicide prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Public Health, 2025.

Research 07

Conversing with AI changed behavior in the field.

The Stanford CHI study (2024) examined 40 participants who practiced conflict-based conversations with an AI agent. Following the practice, a 67% reduction in escalating responses was measured, along with a doubling of collaborative strategies. The change was measured in actual behavior within the simulation - not through self-reporting.

The findings are relevant to any sensitive conversation practice: AI that roleplays and provides immediate feedback enables accelerated and measurable repetition. Limitation: The study focuses on general interpersonal conflicts, not conversations with people in crisis - generalization to a clinical context requires caution.

How this relates to In-Touch

The study examined conversation practice with an AI agent and found measurable behavioral change within the simulation itself. In-Touch is built on the same mechanism: AI that embodies a persona, repetitive practice, and feedback after every conversation. The research addressed general interpersonal conflicts and not clinical conversations - and it did not evaluate In-Touch itself.

Shaikh O, et al. Rehearsal: Simulating Conflict to Teach Conflict Resolution. ACM CHI, 2024.

Research 08

Clinical Communication: Simulation Changes Both Thinking and Discourse.

A systematic review of 10 studies with 1,032 participants examined the impact of virtual reality simulation on communication competence and critical thinking among nursing staff. The simulation effect on communication was 0.44, and on critical thinking was 1.32; both findings are statistically significant.

The data highlight that simulation engages both cognitive and communication mechanisms - not just isolated practical skills. Limitation: The review focuses on nursing; findings may differ for social workers, educators, or liaison officers.

How this relates to In-Touch

The review found improvements in communication and critical thinking following VR simulations in nursing. In-Touch builds scenarios that require real-time decision-making, not the reproduction of a fixed script. This connects to the principle of experiential learning, but is not evidence that AI-based conversation simulation will yield the same effects; In-Touch was not tested in the review.

Shorey S, et al. Virtual Reality Simulation in Nursing Education: A Systematic Review. Journal of Nursing Education, 2024.

Research 09

AI simulation improved clinical competence at all levels of experience.

A study examining 87 psychotherapy students and trainees compared practice with an AI-enabled virtual patient to viewing recorded role-play videos. Four sessions of practice with an AI agent yielded significant improvement in perceived clinical ability, self-efficacy, and reduction of anxiety regarding patients - among trainees at all levels of experience.

The important finding: The level of clinical experience does not condition the effectiveness of the practice. AI as a virtual patient assists both beginners and experienced professionals. Limitation: The experiment did not include direct performance measurement against real patients - improvement was measured by self-reporting and standardized assessment tools.

How this relates to In-Touch

The study found that practice with an AI-enabled virtual patient improved perceived clinical competence among trainees at all levels of experience. In-Touch uses an AI virtual conversation format and is intended for professionals at different stages of their careers. The study did not test the platform, and the improvement was measured by self-reporting rather than direct clinical performance.

Waldow M, et al. The effect of AI-enabled virtual patient simulation on training outcomes and insecurities in psychotherapy education. BMC Medical Education, 2026.

Research 10

AI as a Simulated Client: Measurable Improvement in 4 Counseling Skills.

A controlled study examining 112 educational counseling students explored the impact of practice with an AI-based chatbot on therapeutic skills. After 8 weeks of practice, the intervention group showed measurable improvement in four skills: feedback synthesis, guided discovery, CBT application, and behavioral change strategies.

The finding challenges the assumption that clinical practice must involve a real human: a chatbot programmed to simulate a patient profile, combined with automated feedback after each exercise, was sufficient to generate significant improvement. Limitation: The study focuses on counseling students - it was not tested among frontline professionals.

How this relates to In-Touch

The study found that practice with a text-based chatbot, without VR or an avatar, yielded measurable improvement in counseling skills. In-Touch works on the same principle: text conversation with AI, with structured feedback after each exercise. The study focused on counseling students and did not test the platform itself.

Boateng GO, et al. AI as a Simulated Client: Impact on Educational Psychology Students' Therapeutic Skills. Journal of Curriculum Studies Research, 2025.

Research 11

Spaced Practice: 0.8 Effect vs. Massed Learning.

A study compared 115 medical students who practiced using spaced repetition versus a control group that learned using the traditional method. The scores of the group that practiced with time-spaced intervals were 30.86 compared to 27.22 in the control group (p<0.001), with an effect size of 0.8 - a high level from a research perspective.

The finding directly complements data on the erosion of performance capability following one-time training: the solution for knowledge retention is not longer training, but rather repeated practice spaced out over time. Interpretation: The study is based on repetition of knowledge material - not conversational simulation; generalization to conversational practice requires caution.

How this relates to In-Touch

The study found that practice spaced out over time yields significantly higher retention compared to massed learning. In-Touch is built on repeated practice spaced out over a period, not on a concentrated training event - a structure that aligns with the principle identified by the study. It should be noted that the study examined repetition of knowledge material, not conversational simulation, and In-Touch was not tested in it.

Iqbal MZ, et al. Spaced repetition versus traditional learning in undergraduate clinical education: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Medical Education, 2024.

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